第十一章 场景动词

1. 场景动词

They named their child John. 他们给他们的孩子取名为约翰。
*name: give a name to sb/sth. name是隐含信息。

你可能觉得句中name的用法非常奇怪。我们将进一步学习，引进一个非常重要的概念，帮助你理解这个词。首先来看一些例子：

• Sally is pouring/sprinkling water on the flowers. 莎莉正在浇花。
• She is putting oil onto the bicycle chain. 她在给自行车的链条上润滑油。
• They covered the yard with a roof. 他们在院子上方搭了一个棚。
• I used the Google search engine to obtain information about Everest on the World Wide Web. 我用谷歌在网上搜索关于珠穆朗玛峰的信息。
• Liz made her skirt smooth. 利兹将她的裙子弄平整了。

在英语中当一个动作场景或状态场景比较普遍时，我们可以用一个和这个场景联系较为紧密的中心词（或创造一个新词）去描述这一场景，形成动词（即用一个词代替一个场景），我们称这种词为场景动词。场景动词可以使表达更加简洁、生动。

根据这一概念我们可以得到：

• Sally is watering the flowers. *to pour/sprink water on sth=to water.
• She is oiling the bicycle chain. *to put oil on sth=to oil.
• They roofed the yard. *to cover sth with a roof=to roof.
• I googled Everest. *to use the Google...Web=to google.
• Liz smoothed her skirt. *to make sth smooth=to smooth.

显然，例句中的name就是一个场景动词。

1) 常见的场景动词

接下来我们将学习一些常见的场景动词，以加深对这一概念的理解。

场景中的中心词	形成的场景动词	例句
名词	跟名词的形式一样	We painted the house blue. 我们把房子刷成了蓝色。*to paint: to put paint onto (sth). Help me box up the Christmas tree lights. 帮我把圣诞彩灯装进盒子。*to box: to put (sth) into a box. All the windows were boarded up. 所有窗户都用木板遮住了。*to board: to cover sth with boards. Jim spooned sugar from the packet into a bowl. 吉姆把食糖从袋子中舀到糖罐里。*to spoon: to lift and move (sth) with a spoon.
	名词+后缀	The accounts section has been completely computerized. 会计科已完全计算机化了。*to computerize: to use a computer to do sth. John was hospitalized after his accident last week. 约翰在上周的事故后被送进了医院。*to hospitalize: to send or admit (sb) to hospital. My attacker threatened me with a gun. 攻击我的人用枪威胁我。*to threaten: to make a threat or threats against sb. Can you lengthen this skirt for me? 你能不能帮我把这条裙子改长？*to lengthen: to make sth longer. The days lengthened as summer approached. 随着夏天来临，白天变长了。 Money has been raised to beautify the area. 已经筹集到资金来改善这个地区。*to beautify: to improve sth in beauty.
形容词	跟形容词的形式一样	Wet the clay a bit more before you start to mould it. 把泥再弄湿点再动手塑造。*to wet: to make sth wet. The government hopes to better the conditions of the workers. 政府希望改善工作人员的状况。*to better=to make sth better. Allow the biscuits to cool for five minutes. 让饼干冷却五分钟。*to cool: to become cool or cooler. The paper had yellowed with age. 这纸因年久而变黄了。*to yellow: to become yellow.
	形容词+后缀	We darkened the room to show the film. 我们把房间弄暗以放影片。*to darken: to make sth dark. Roughen the surface before applying the paint. 先把表面弄毛糙再涂颜料。*to roughen: to make sth rough. The company wants to modernize its technology. 该公司想要使其技术现代化。*to modernize: to make sth more modern. The burglar alarm was activated by mistake. 防盗铃误响了。*activate: to make sth active.
动词	跟动词的形式一样	He'd scratched his name in the bark of the tree. 他把名字刻在树皮上了。*to scratch: to make sth by scratching. cut a hole in a piece of paper 在纸上挖个洞 *to cut: to make or form (sth) by cutting. I'd never run a marathon before. 我以前从未参加过马拉松比赛 *to run: to run in a race. He walked the horse up the hill. 他牵着马上山去了。*to walk: to cause (sb/sth) to walk. Only experienced pilots fly large passenger aircraft. 只有有经验的飞行员才能驾驶大型客机。*to fly: to make sth fly.

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2. 练习

填空：用适当的单词填空。

1. I \_\_\_\_ the homemade sauce to preserve it. (我把自制酱料装瓶来保存。)
2. He \_\_\_\_ me out of the way to get to the front of the line. (他用胳膊肘把我挤到一边好走到队伍前面。)
3. She \_\_\_\_ nails into the wall to hang up pictures. (她在墙上锤钉子来挂画。)
4. People \_\_\_\_ round to get a better view. (人们争相围观。)
5. I \_\_\_\_ to work every day to get exercise. (我每天骑车上班以获取运动。)
6. \_\_\_\_ the bills together so you don't lose them. (把帐单用别针别在一起以防遗失。)

注：此处仅保留部分代表性练习，完整练习请参考纸质版或后续版本。