第十九章 数词

1. 数词

表示数目多少的词叫基数词,表示顺序先后的词叫序数词,这两种词统称为数词,如:one(1),two(2),three(3),first(第一),second(第二),third(第三)。

基数词

★基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:

序数词

2. 数词的运用

常用表达法示例
年份:一般将年份用阿拉伯数字表示,读时常将千位和百位看成一个整体,十位和个位看成一个整体,也可以hundred为单位来读。公元前用B.C.;公元用A.D.1764读作:seventeen sixty-four或seventeen hundred and sixty-four
2001读作:two thousand and one或twenty hundred and one
215读作:two fifteen或two hundred and fifteen
公元前56年写作:56 B.C. 读作:fifty-six B.C.
公元7年写作:7 A.D. 读作:seven A.D.
20世纪80年代(1980s)读作the nineteen eighties.
a man in his fifties 一个五十多岁的男人
日期:英语中的日期有两种顺序,即日月年或月日年。日期可以用基数词(但读作序数词),也可以用序数词。2015年4月26日可以表示为:April 26, 2015或26th/26 April 2015。*注意第一种表达方式日和年份之间要有逗号。
钟点:钟点有两种读法:
A. 直接读数字:先读小时,然后读分钟。
B. 先读分钟,然后读小时:半小时及以内用past/after(即几点过几分),超过半小时用to,即60-分钟数+下一个钟点(即几点差几分)。
08:00(eight o'clock或eight)
09:15(nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine)
02:30(two thirty或half past/after two)
05:45(five forty-five或a quarter to six)
07:40 (seven forty或twenty to eight)
分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子超过"1"时,分母用复数。a/one half=1/2,two thirds=2/3,a/one quarter=1/4
one eighth=1/8,three fifths=3/5
We waited one and a half hours. 我们等了一个半小时。
I'd like six and three quarters meters, please. 我想要六又四分之三米。
小数:小数点前的数按总数念,同其他基数词读法一样,小数点用point,小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。10.65读作ten point six five。
316.32读作three hundred and sixteen point three two。
3.05读作three point zero/oh/naught five。
百分数:百分数由基数词加百分号(%,读作percent)组成。thirty percent=30%,60 percent=60%
35.63%读作:thirty-five point six three percent。
常见数学运算:加、减、乘和除。请按右侧的例子模仿。5+4=9可以按以下方式读:Five and four make nine; Five plus four is nine; Five added to four equals nine。
8-2=6可以按以下方式读:Eight minus two is six; Two (taken) from eight is six。
3×2=6可以按以下方式读:Three times two is/are six; Three multiplied by two makes six。
12÷3=4可以按以下方式读:Twelve divided by three is/makes four。
倍数:通常借助times来表示。Their house is two times as big as ours. 他们的房子有我们房子两倍大。
This book is three times as long as that one /three times longer than that one/three times the length of that one. 这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍。

3. 练习

单选:选择最合适的答案。

  1. When he arrived at the airport, James found that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fans were waiting for him there.
    A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
  2. He has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ children, two boys and two girls.
    A. fourth B. forty C. fourteen D. four
  3. It is reported that the floods have left about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ people homeless.
    A. two thousand B. two-thousands C. two thousands D. two thousands of
  4. He wrote a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ report.
    A. two-thousand-words B. two-thousand-word C. two-thousands-word D. two-thousands-words
  5. Most of us came here \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
    A. in 1978 May B. in May 1978 C. on May 1978 D. 1978, May
  6. About \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the workers in that company are young people.
    A. third-fifths B. three-fifths C. three-fives D. three-fifth
  7. The hero of the story is an artist in his \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
    A. thirties B. thirty C. thirty's D. thirtieth
  8. We need three \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ boxes.
    A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen

注:此处仅保留部分代表性练习,完整练习请参考纸质版或后续版本。