第十三章 副词性从句

1. 副词性从句

副词性从句相当于副词，给句子增加时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、对比或方式信息。从前面章节的分析中，我们发现几乎所有的副词性从句本质上都是简化的非限制性关系从句。以下为常见的副词性从句。

时间副词性从句

常用引导词：when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, instantly, directly.

• It was raining when we arrived. 我们到的时候正在下雨。
• Whenever she comes, she brings a friend. 她每次来都带个朋友。
• I watched her as she combed her hair. 她梳头的时候我一直看着她。
• While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时孩子都在外面玩儿。
• It may be many years before we meet again. 大概要过许多年我们才能再见。
• The sun came out after the storm ceased. 在暴风雨停止后, 太阳出来了。
• Until she spoke I hadn't realized she was foreign. 她要不说话我还一直不知道她是外国人。
• Don't leave till I arrive. 我不来你不要离开。
• What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么？
• I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我从小就一直住在这儿。
• Once he arrives we can start. 他一到我们就可以动身。
• I'll tell him as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就告诉他。
• Every time he phones I always seem to be in the bath. 他每次来电话时，我好像总是正在洗澡。
• The moment (=As soon as) I get the money I'll send the ticket. 一收到钱我就会把票寄出去。
• Tell me instantly (=as soon as) he arrives. 他一到就告诉我。
• I went home directly (=as soon as) I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。

地点副词性从句

常用引导词：where , wherever.

• He lives where the climate is mild. 他住在一个气候暖和的地方。
• Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
• She was standing exactly where you are standing now. 那时她就站在你现在所站的地方。

原因副词性从句

常用引导词：as, because, for, since, seeing(that), now that.

• I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了
• John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill. 约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。
• We can't go, for it is raining. 我们不能走，因为正在下雨。
• Since we've no money we can't buy a new car. 因为我们没钱, 没法买新汽车。
• Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home. 因为天气不好, 我们要呆在家里了。
• Now that spring is here, we can expect milder weather. 现在春天来了，我们可以期望较温和的天气。

目的副词性从句

常用引导词：that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case.

• He worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o'clock. 他拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。
• He has so organized his life that his wife suspects nothing. 他把生活安排得井井有条, 为的是不让妻子有任何怀疑。
• He left early in order that he would arrive on time. 他早早动身好按时到达。
• He ran away lest he should/might be seen. 他怕人家看见他而跑开了。
• We spoke in whispers for fear (that) we might wake the baby. 我们轻声谈话, 以免吵醒婴儿。
• It may rain--you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨--你最好带把伞, 以防万一（下起来）。

结果副词性从句

常用引导词：that, so ... that, such ... that.

• She was so angry (that) she couldn't speak. 她气得说不出话来。
• It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这讲演枯燥无味, 听得我都睡着了。
• He was so weak that he could hardly stand up. 他身体虚弱得几乎站不起来了。
• We had been away for such a long time that I had forgotten her name. 我们分开了这么长时间，我都忘了她的名字。

条件副词性从句

常用引导词：if, unless, supposing, so/as long as, on condition(that), provided ( that ).

• If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。
• You'll fail in French unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把劲儿, 法语就考不及格了。
• Supposing (that) it rains, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话, 我们在室内比赛行吗?
• As/so long as it doesn't rain we can play. 只要不下雨, 我们就能玩。
• You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat. 你要穿上外衣才能出去。
• Provided we get good weather it will be a successful holiday. 如果天气良好, 我们的假日将过得非常好。

让步副词性从句

常用引导词：though, although, no matter, even if, even though, however, whatever.

• Though it was raining, he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
• Although they are poor they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。
• Don't open the door, no matter who comes. 不管谁来都别开门。
• We'll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去。
• Even though it was raining, she walked to work. 即使下雨，她也要走着去工作。
• She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is. 无论天气多么冷，她都敞着卧室的窗户。
• He will never succeed however hard he tries. 不论他怎样努力，都不会获得成功。
• Keep calm, whatever happens. 不论出什么事都要保持镇静。

比较副词性从句

常用引导词：than, as.

• I know you better than he (does) 我比他更了解你。
• She's a better player than (she was) last year. 她表现得比去年好。
• He can run as fast as I can. 他能跑得和我一样快。
• She's as good an actress as she is a singer. 她当演员和当歌手都一样出色。

方式副词性从句

常用引导词：as, as if, as though

• Do as I say and sit down. 照我说的, 坐下。
• She looked as if/though she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的。
• Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?
• Mrs Crump looked as if she was going to explode. 克伦普太太看起来好像要大发雷霆。

2. 副词性从句的简化

副词性从句中的重复信息大部分可以省略，一般采用DOING的简化形式，如：

种类	例句
时间	When visiting London I like to travel by bus = When I visit London I...by bus. 我游览伦敦时喜欢坐公共汽车。 When adjusting the machine, the electricity supply should be disconnected. 调整机器时，应断开电源。 A large wild elephant caught shopkeepers off guard at a convenience store in Thailand = A...shopkeepers when they were off guard at...Thailand. 泰国一头庞大的野生大象惊现便利店，令店主们措手不及。 Approaching the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height = When we approached the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 当接近市中心时，我们看到了一座高约十米的石雕。 He fell asleep while doing his homework = He fell asleep while he was doing his homework. 他做着做着功课就睡着了。
让步	No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world = No matter how frequently they are performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. 无论演奏得多频繁，贝多芬的作品在全世界仍能吸引人们。 Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome = Though she/he was surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 看到我们教授虽觉得惊讶，但还是热烈欢迎了我们。 Whether sick or well, she is always cheerful = Whether she is sick or well, she is always cheerful. 无论是生病还是健康，她总是高高兴兴的。
条件	If necessary I will come at 6 = If it is necessary I will come at 6. 如有必要，我6点钟来。 The flowers will die unless watered every day = The flowers will die unless they are watered every day. 除非每天浇水，不然这些花就会凋谢。 Weather permitting, the match will be played on Wednesday = If weather permits, the match will be played on Wednesday. 如果天气允许，比赛将在星期三举行。 All being well, we should be home about six. 如果一切顺利的话，我们应该六点左右到家。 Taken daily, vitamin pills can improve your health. 如果每天服用的话，维生素药片可以改善健康。
方式	The old man listened as though brooding = The old man listened as though he was brooding. 那位老人倾听着，似乎陷入了深思。 Jim hurriedly left the room as if angry = Jim hurriedly left the room as if he was angry. 吉姆匆忙离开了房间，好像生气了。

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3. 练习

单选：选择最合适的答案。

1. He didn't go to school yesterday \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. if D. so
2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
3. I will keep calling Nancy \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ she answers. A. when B. after C. but D. till
4. The car is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ expensive \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ he can't buy it. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; that
5. She was standing exactly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ you are standing now. A. before B. until C. unless D. where
6. The teacher speaks very loudly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. when
7. Father won't allow me to play outside \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ I wash up the dishes. A. if not B. if C. unless D. because
8. The students hurried to the classroom \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the bell rang. A. until B. as soon as C. if D. so that
9. I took my driving license with me on holiday, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
10. A: Did Jack come back early last night？ B: Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until

注：此处仅保留部分代表性练习，完整练习请参考纸质版或后续版本。