第三章 名词性从句

1. 对象

世界上所有的事物（不管是具体的还是抽象的）都是对象，如：teacher (老师，具体对象), cup (杯子), phone(电话), black(黑色), seven (数字七), idea(想法，抽象对象), to swim/swimming (游泳，动作对象), to eat an apple/eating an apple (吃苹果，动作对象), to be beautiful/ being beautiful (漂亮，状态对象), to be in the room/being in the room (在房间，状态对象), to be a student/being a student (身份是学生，状态对象), I want to go home (我想回家，事件对象), He hasn't received the letter (他还没有收到信，事件对象)。所有的语言都是用来描述：

1. 对象的动作：He is running. 他在奔跑。
2. 对象的动作及其与另一个对象之间的动态关系：John drank water. 约翰喝水。
3. 对象的特征：She is short. 她很矮。
4. 对象的身份：It is a tiger. 它是一只老虎。
5. 两个对象之间的静态关系：The chair is behind the door. 椅子在门后面。

2. 名词性从句

在OOEG看来，事件对象（即句子）也可以看成是一个整体，在句子中当作名词来用，此时我们称这个事件对象为名词性从句 (NC：noun clause)。它就像一个"集装箱"，把一个完整的事件打包成一个核心对象，这个对象可以被放在句子的主语、宾语、谓语名词这些需要名词的位置。

1) 陈述句用作名词性从句

在陈述句前加上引导词that，如：

• That he will win the election is certain. 他将赢得选举，这是一定的。
• That she passed the test surprised me. 她通过了考试，这让我大吃一惊。
• It is a fact that the earth is round. 地球是圆的，这是一个事实。
• She found (that) the box was empty. 她发现箱子是空的。
• We know (that) greenhouse gases can affect the climate. 我们知道温室气体会影响气候。
• The trouble is that we don't have money. 困难在于我们没有钱。
• The idea that she can repair the car is wrong. 她觉得自己能修好车，这个想法是错误的。
• Her suggestion that Jack should leave is correct. 她建议杰克应该离开，此建议是正确的。

2) 疑问句用作名词性从句

A. 一般疑问句
首先将一般疑问句变成陈述句，然后在前面加上whether，如：

• Whether he will come isn't known. 他是否会来还未知。
• I didn't know if/whether he had a car. 我不知道他是否有一辆车。
• The question is whether he loves you. 问题是他是否爱你。
• We'll discuss the problem of whether he is competent. 我们将讨论他能否可以胜任这个问题。

B. 特殊疑问句
首先将特殊疑问句变成陈述句，然后把特殊疑问词置于句首，如：

• Where we will spend the holiday isn't decided. 我们去哪度假这件事还没有确定。
• Who she is doesn't matter. 她是谁，这个不重要。
• I don't know who the girl riding a bike is. 我不知道骑自行车的女孩是谁。
• The question is where he lives. 问题是他住在哪？
• My question, why he didn't come, hasn't been answered. 我的问题，他为什么没来，还没人回答。
• She asked me who would look after the baby. 她问我谁将照看这个婴儿。
• I'm not sure which she prefers. 我不确定她更喜欢哪一个。

3) 感叹句用作名词性从句

将感叹句置于相应位置即可，如：

• Most people know what a great scientist Edison was. 大多数人都知道爱迪生是一个多么伟大的科学家。
• Everyone said how awful the weather was. 大家都在谈论天气是多么的恶劣。
• Nobody will believe what difficulty we have had 没人会相信我们遇到过多么大的困难。
• It's incredible how fast she can run. 她能跑得很快，真是让人难以置信。
• I remember what a great time I had at your party. 我在你的聚会上玩得非常开心，我现在还记得。

---

3. 练习

单选：选择最合适的答案。

1. It suddenly occurred to him \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ he had left his keys in the office. A. whether B. where C. which D. that
2. It remains to be seen \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. A. that B. which C. what D. whether
3. It was never clear \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why
4. It's good to know \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away. A. what B. whose C. which D. that
5. The shocking news made her realize \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ terrible problems she would face. A. what B. how C. that D. why

注：此处仅保留部分代表性练习，完整练习请参考纸质版或后续版本。